The directive accuses Antifa of using “illegal tactics to organize and execute nationwide riots and terror campaigns aimed at overthrowing government and law enforcement.” It further claims Antifa-linked individuals coordinate with outside groups to incite political violence and suppress lawful speech, actions the order defines as domestic terrorism.
Antifa—short for “anti-fascist”—is described by the Anti-Defamation League as a decentralized movement of networks and individuals, without formal leadership. While some self-identified Antifa members have engaged in vandalism or violence at protests, such cases are not widespread, according to the ADL.
The move comes after Trump vowed to target left-wing groups in response to Kirk’s killing on September 10 at Utah Valley University. Suspect Tyler Robinson, 22, has been charged with murder, though investigators have not confirmed any group affiliation.
U.S. law traditionally avoids labeling domestic groups as “terrorist organizations” to safeguard constitutional rights. Trump’s order marks a shift, granting broader surveillance powers over Antifa, including financial tracking, travel monitoring, and scrutiny of nonprofits accused of supporting the movement. Banks could also be compelled to disclose funding sources.
Trump previously attempted to classify Antifa as a terrorist group during his first term but faced legal and institutional pushback. Republicans have long blamed Antifa for fueling riots after George Floyd’s death in 2020, though critics argue the term has since been used loosely against left-wing protesters nationwide.
Legal experts remain skeptical of the order’s viability, noting Antifa’s decentralized nature makes it difficult to treat as a single entity.